If your dog is constantly scratching their ears, shaking their head, or emitting a strange odor from their ears, they may have an ear infection. It’s one of the most common reasons dogs visit the vet—and it can be painful if left untreated.
In this guide, you’ll learn how to spot the early signs of ear infections, understand what causes them, and discover how to prevent recurring issues with simple, vet-approved care.
What Is a Dog Ear Infection?
A dog ear infection, or otitis, is an inflammation of the ear canal caused by:
- Bacteria
- Yeast (fungal overgrowth)
- Mites (especially in puppies or neglected dogs)
- Allergies or foreign bodies
Dogs have L-shaped ear canals, which make them more prone to moisture buildup and infection—especially floppy-eared breeds like Cocker Spaniels, Basset Hounds, and Golden Retrievers.
Symptoms of Ear Infections in Dogs
Watch for these common signs:
- Head shaking or tilting
- Constant scratching at the ear
- Redness or swelling inside the ear
- Brown, yellow, or bloody discharge
- Bad smell from the ear
- Sensitivity or crying when touched
- Loss of balance or walking in circles (if the inner ear is affected)
If your dog shows sudden changes in behavior or constant ear discomfort, it’s time to call the vet.
Types of Dog Ear Infections
- Otitis externa – infection of the outer ear canal (most common)
- Otitis media – infection spreads to the middle ear (may cause hearing loss or head tilt)
- Otitis interna – infection reaches the inner ear (affects balance and coordination)
Early treatment is key to prevent deeper complications.
What Causes Ear Infections in Dogs?
Common triggers include:
- Moisture buildup (from swimming or bathing)
- Allergies (food or environmental)
- Ear mites (especially in puppies or strays)
- Foreign objects (grass seeds, dirt)
- Underlying skin conditions
- Poor ear ventilation in floppy-eared breeds
- Excessive ear cleaning or use of harsh products
Once the natural barrier in the ear is compromised, bacteria and yeast can thrive.
Treatment Options
Your vet will diagnose the infection using:
- Visual inspection and ear swabs
- Microscopic evaluation of discharge
- Culture tests for chronic or resistant cases
Treatment may include:
- Ear cleaning (vet-prescribed solutions only)
- Topical ear drops with antibiotics, antifungals, or anti-inflammatories
- Oral medications for deeper or stubborn infections
- Treating the root cause (like allergies or mites
⚠️ Never insert cotton swabs into your dog’s ears. It can push debris deeper and damage the ear canal.
How to Prevent Dog Ear Infections
1. Regular Ear Cleaning (But Not Too Often)
- Clean ears once a week for dogs prone to infections
- Use a vet-approved ear cleaner only
- Gently fill the canal, massage the base, and let your dog shake it out
- Wipe the outer ear with a cotton pad (never go deep)
2. Dry Ears After Bathing or Swimming
- Moisture is a key trigger—use a towel or dry cotton to gently remove water
- For dogs who swim often, use a drying ear solution
3. Check Ears Weekly
- Look for redness, odor, or debris
- Catching early signs helps prevent full-blown infections
4. Control Allergies and Parasites
- Use monthly flea and mite preventatives
- Work with your vet to manage food or environmental allergies
5. Keep Hair Trimmed in the Ear Canal (for long-haired breeds)
Ask your groomer or vet to trim inner ear hair if it traps moisture or debris.
Conclusion
Final Thoughts on Ear Infections in Dogs
Ear infections in dogs are common—but they’re also highly treatable and preventable. By staying alert to the signs, maintaining regular ear care, and addressing the underlying causes, you can keep your dog’s ears healthy and pain-free.
Want a printable Ear Cleaning Checklist or Symptom Tracker? Visit our Dog Ear Health Hub for step-by-step guides and product recommendations.